Biomanufacturing of organs/tissues in vitro has been driven by two needs, i.e., organ transplantation and accurate tissue models. Bioprinting, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is a technique used to develop many tissues/organs, such as the liver, skin, and heart. This technique is associated with printing structures using biomaterials, viable cells, and biomolecules. The creation of bioartificial organs has opened new avenues for future organ transplantation programs.
The demand for organ transplants has increased rapidly worldwide. Organ transplants are required due to the increased incidence of vital organ failure and the higher success rate of post-transplant outcomes. Globally, a major organ shortage crisis has emerged due to higher demand and insufficient supply of organs for transplant. 3D bioprinting uses cells or other bio-materials as printing inks to print complex 3D biological structures with biological functions according to the requirements of the bionic morphology, biological function, and cellular microenvironment through additive manufacturing methods.